Climate variability on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) during the last 3500 years, and implications for Maya cultural evolution


Curtis, J.H., M. Brenner, and D.A. Hodell
Quaternary Research (1996), v. 46, p. 37-47.

Curtis, J.H., D.A. Hodell, and M. Brenner. Climate variability on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) during the last 3500 years, and implications for Maya cultural evolution. Quaternary Research. 46: 37-47. 1996. Abstract

We reconstructed a 3500-year record of climate variability on the Yucatan Peninsula by measurement of delta 18O in monospecific ostracods and gastropods in a 6.3-m sediment core from Lake Punta Laguna, Mexico. This late Holocene record was divided into three periods based on changes in mean delta 18O values. From ~3310 to ~1785 14C yr B.P. (Period I), low mean delta 18O values indicate relatively wet conditions (i.e., low evaporation to precipitation ratio, E/P). Mean oxygen isotopic values increased at ~1785 14C yr B.P., and the interval between ~1785 and ~930 14C yr B.P. (Period II) was distinctly drier than the period before or after. Climate during the latter part of Period II was persistently dry with exceptionally arid events centered at ~1171, 1019, and 943 14C yr B.P. (equivalent to 862, 986, and 1051 A.D.). This interval of frequent drought was recorded at several other localities in Mexico and Central America, and coincided with the collapse of Classic Maya civilization. Following the last arid event, delta 18O values decreased abruptly at ~930 14C yr B.P. (beginning of Period III), signalling a return to wetter conditions that have generally prevailed to the present with the exception of a dry episode centered at 559 14C yr B.P. (1391 A.D.). The paleoclimatic record from Punta Laguna provides evidence that multi-decadal and millennial-scale changes in E/P occurred on the Yucatan Peninsula during the late Holocene. These wet/dry episodes may have influenced cultural evolution in Mesoamerica.


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